Dog Anal Gland Symptoms: What They Mean and When to Call Your Vet

If you’ve noticed your dog scooting across the floor or obsessively licking near their tail, you’re probably wondering what’s going on — and whether you should be worried. Anal gland issues are one of the most common (and uncomfortable) problems dogs experience, and the good news is that they’re very manageable when caught early. Understanding the symptoms can help you act quickly and get your pup the relief they need.

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Common Causes

Your dog has two small sacs located just inside the anus, one on each side, that produce a strong-smelling fluid used for scent marking and communication. Under normal circumstances, these glands empty naturally when your dog has a bowel movement. When that process is disrupted, problems can develop quickly.

Several factors can interfere with proper anal gland function, including:

• Soft or loose stools that don’t apply enough pressure to empty the glands during defecation
• Allergies — both food and environmental allergies are strongly linked to chronic anal gland problems
• Obesity, which can change the tissue structure around the glands and make natural expression more difficult
• Anatomical differences in some breeds, particularly small dogs like Chihuahuas, Dachshunds, and Cocker Spaniels, who are genetically predisposed to anal gland issues
• Infection or inflammation that causes the gland ducts to swell and become blocked

Understanding the underlying cause is just as important as treating the immediate problem. A dog who needs their glands expressed every few weeks, for example, may actually be dealing with an undiagnosed food allergy or dietary imbalance that’s worth exploring with your vet.

Allergies deserve special attention here because they’re so frequently overlooked. When a dog has an allergic response — whether to chicken, grains, grass, or dust mites — the resulting inflammation doesn’t stay isolated to the skin or gut. It can affect the soft tissue around the anal glands, causing subtle swelling that prevents the ducts from draining properly. Vets typically diagnose allergy-related anal gland problems by ruling out other causes first, then conducting food elimination trials or allergy testing. If your dog’s glands seem to flare up at certain times of year, environmental allergens like pollen may be the culprit — a pattern worth tracking and sharing with your vet.

Age and life stage also play a role. Puppies rarely experience anal gland issues because their tissue tone is generally good and their stools tend to be firm. Middle-aged and senior dogs, on the other hand, are more vulnerable — muscle tone decreases with age, and the glands may not empty as efficiently as they once did. Overweight dogs of any age face similar challenges, since excess body fat in the perianal region can physically compress or misalign the gland ducts. Weight loss alone sometimes resolves chronic anal gland issues entirely, which is one more reason to keep your dog at a healthy body condition score.

Diagnosing the root cause typically involves a rectal examination, a review of your dog’s diet and stool consistency, and sometimes bloodwork or skin testing if allergies are suspected. Don’t be surprised if your vet asks detailed questions about what your dog eats, how often they go, and what their stools look like — all of that information helps paint the full picture.

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Symptoms to Watch For

Anal gland discomfort ranges from mildly annoying to genuinely painful, and your dog will usually find creative ways to tell you something isn’t right. The challenge is that some of these behaviors can look a lot like other issues, so knowing the full picture of anal gland symptoms helps you narrow things down.

Here are the most common signs that your dog’s anal glands may need attention:

• Scooting — dragging their bottom along the floor or carpet in an attempt to relieve pressure or itching
• Excessive licking or chewing around the base of the tail, the rear end, or the hind legs
• A strong, fishy odor coming from your dog’s rear end, even after a bath
• Visible swelling or redness near the anus, which may indicate an abscess is forming
• Straining or discomfort during bowel movements, sometimes accompanied by crying or whimpering
• A small, painful lump near the anus, which can signal an impacted or infected gland
• Discharge or leaking fluid that may be brown, yellowish, or bloody — a sign of infection or a ruptured abscess
• Sudden reluctance to sit down or a change in posture that suggests pain in the hindquarters

It’s worth noting that not every dog will show all of these signs. Some dogs are subtle about their discomfort, so even one or two of these symptoms warrants a closer look.

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Symptom Severity at a Glance

Symptom	Risk Level	Action Required
Occasional scooting, no other symptoms	Mild	Monitor at home for 24–48 hours; add fiber to diet
Persistent licking or chewing at rear end	Mild to Moderate	Schedule a vet visit within a few days
Strong fishy odor from hindquarters	Moderate	Call your vet within 24 hours to arrange expression
Visible swelling or redness near the anus	Moderate to Serious	Call your vet within 24 hours — abscess may be forming
Painful lump, straining, or crying during defecation	Serious	Seek veterinary care the same day
Bloody or pus-filled discharge near the anus	Serious	Contact your vet immediately
Open wound or draining tract near the anus	Emergency	Seek emergency veterinary care right away

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Breeds Most at Risk

While any dog can develop anal gland problems, certain breeds face a significantly higher baseline risk due to their anatomy, body type, or coat characteristics.

Cocker Spaniels are among the most commonly affected breeds. They have a well-documented predisposition to sebaceous gland abnormalities throughout their body, which extends to the anal gland tissue. Their glands tend to produce secretions with an unusually thick consistency, making natural emptying during defecation less reliable and increasing the likelihood of impaction and infection.

Dachshunds are prone to anal gland issues largely because of their long, low body structure. Their compact hindquarters and relatively small anal gland openings make it anatomically harder for the glands to empty fully with each bowel movement. Dachshunds also have a higher-than-average rate of food sensitivities, which compounds the risk.

Chihuahuas and other small breeds as a group tend to struggle more than larger dogs, partly due to the small size of their anal gland ducts relative to gland output, and partly because small dogs are more likely to be fed diets that produce softer stools. Toy and miniature breeds often benefit from proactive, regular gland expression as a routine part of their care.

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What You Can Do at Home

While there are some things you can do to support your dog’s anal gland health at home, it’s important to approach this area with care. Manual anal gland expression — the process of physically emptying the glands — is something many groomers and vets perform routinely, but doing it incorrectly at home can cause injury or push an infection deeper.

That said, there are several supportive steps you can take:

Increase dietary fiber. Adding fiber to your dog’s diet through sources like canned plain pumpkin, psyllium husk, or a high-fiber dog food can help firm up stools and encourage natural gland emptying. Even a teaspoon or two of plain canned pumpkin mixed into your dog’s food daily can make a noticeable difference over time.

Keep up with grooming. Keeping the fur around your dog’s anal area trimmed and clean reduces the risk of bacteria buildup, which can contribute to infection.

Encourage hydration and regular exercise. Healthy, regular bowel movements are the body’s most natural way of maintaining anal gland function. Adequate water intake and daily physical activity both support digestive regularity.

Consider an elimination diet. If your dog has recurring anal gland problems, food allergies may be playing a role. Talk to your vet about whether a dietary trial might help identify any triggers.

Avoid attempting to express your dog’s anal glands yourself unless you’ve been specifically shown how to do it by a veterinary professional. External expression (done from outside the body) is less effective than the internal technique used by vets and can cause discomfort if done incorrectly.

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When to See a Vet

Some anal gland situations resolve with minor dietary adjustments, but others require prompt veterinary care. You should contact your vet if your dog’s symptoms don’t improve within a day or two, or if you notice any of the following:

• Visible swelling, redness, or a lump near the anus
• Blood or pus in the discharge
• Your dog is crying, yelping, or showing signs of significant pain
• The area looks open or like it’s draining — this may indicate a ruptured abscess, which needs immediate attention
• Symptoms keep returning every few weeks despite regular gland expression

A ruptured anal gland abscess can be very painful and may require antibiotics, flushing of the wound, and in some cases, surgical intervention. Catching the problem before it reaches that stage makes treatment much simpler and far less stressful for both you and your dog.

Your vet can also help identify whether an underlying condition — such as allergies, hypothyroidism, or a dietary issue — is contributing to your dog’s recurring problems, which is the key to breaking the cycle.

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How Pet Insurance Can Help

Anal gland treatments can range from a routine, low-cost expression at your vet’s office to more involved procedures like abscess treatment or surgery, and the costs can add up quickly if your dog is prone to recurring issues. Having a pet insurance plan in place means you’re financially prepared for those unexpected visits, so you can focus on your dog’s comfort rather than the bill.

Protective Care: Get a free pet insurance quote and protect your dog today

For times when you need immediate guidance from a licensed veterinarian without leaving home, telehealth services can be a lifesaver.

For more clinical details on canine health, you can refer to the professional guidelines from the Merck Veterinary Manual.

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Anal gland problems are uncomfortable for your dog, but they’re also very treatable — especially when you catch the signs early. By staying attentive to changes in your dog’s behavior and working closely with your vet, you can keep your pup comfortable and address any underlying issues before they become serious. You know your dog better than anyone, and that instinct to look into something that seems off is always worth following.